MLA (Modern Language Association):
* Two authors: List both authors' last names in the text. (Smith and Jones 2023, 15).
* Three or more authors: Use the first author's last name followed by "et al." (Latin for "and others"). (Smith et al. 2023, 15).
APA (American Psychological Association):
* Two authors: List both authors' last names in the text. (Smith & Jones, 2023, p. 15). Note the ampersand (&) instead of "and".
* Three or more authors: Use the first author's last name followed by "et al." (Smith et al., 2023, p. 15).
Chicago (Notes and Bibliography):
* Two or more authors: List all authors' last names in the note. (Smith and Jones 2023, 15). The full bibliographic entry would appear in the bibliography.
Key points across all styles:
* Page number: Always include the relevant page number(s) after the author citation.
* Year: The publication year is usually included.
* Consistency: Maintain consistent formatting throughout your paper.
* Full citation: The in-text citation should correspond to a full bibliographic entry in your Works Cited, References, or Bibliography page.
Example:
Let's say the book is "The History of Cats" by Susan Smith, John Jones, and Mary Brown, published in 2023.
* MLA: (Smith et al. 2023, 15)
* APA: (Smith et al., 2023, p. 15)
* Chicago: (Smith, Jones, and Brown 2023, 15)
Remember to check your specific style guide for the most accurate and up-to-date information. Many style guides are available online.