* Explicit statements: The author simply tells the reader what the character is like. This is often done through narration or another character's observation. For example, "John was a kind and generous man, always willing to lend a hand." This is straightforward but can feel less engaging than indirect methods.
* Character's own words: The character directly describes their personality traits, beliefs, or feelings. This can happen through internal monologue, dialogue, or self-reflection. For instance, a character might say, "I'm a very impatient person," or "I pride myself on my honesty."
* Authorial intrusion: The author steps into the narrative to explicitly comment on a character's personality. This is less common in modern literature but can be seen in older styles of writing. For example, "Elizabeth, a woman of fierce independence and unwavering spirit..."
While direct methods are efficient, they are often less nuanced and engaging than indirect methods which show rather than tell. Most successful authors blend direct and indirect methods to create a well-rounded and believable character.