MLA (Modern Language Association):
MLA focuses on author and title. If no author is listed, use the title. The date of access is crucial because web pages can change.
* With Author:
Last Name, First Name. "Title of Web Page." *Title of Website*, Publisher, Date of Publication, URL. Accessed Day Month Year.
*Example:*
Smith, John. "The History of Coffee." *Coffee Connoisseur*, Acme Publishing, 2023, www.coffeeconnoisseur.com/history. Accessed 15 Oct. 2023.
* Without Author:
"Title of Web Page." *Title of Website*, Publisher, Date of Publication, URL. Accessed Day Month Year.
*Example:*
"The Effects of Climate Change." *National Geographic*, National Geographic Society, 2022, www.nationalgeographic.com/climatechange. Accessed 15 Oct. 2023.
APA (American Psychological Association):
APA emphasizes the author and date. Use "Retrieved from" instead of "Accessed." The DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is preferred if available; otherwise, use the URL.
* With Author:
Last Name, F. I. (Year, Month Day). *Title of web page*. Title of Website. URL or DOI
*Example:*
Smith, J. (2023, October 10). *The History of Coffee*. Coffee Connoisseur. https://www.coffeeconnoisseur.com/history
* Without Author:
*Title of web page* (Year, Month Day). *Title of Website*. URL or DOI
*Example:*
*The Effects of Climate Change* (2022, December 20). National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/climatechange
Chicago (Turabian):
Chicago has different styles (notes and bibliography or author-date). Here's an example in the notes and bibliography style:
* In-text note:
¹ "Title of Web Page," *Title of Website* (Publisher, Date), URL (accessed October 15, 2023).
* Bibliography entry:
"Title of Web Page." *Title of Website*. Publisher, Date. URL. Accessed October 15, 2023.
*Example:*
"The Effects of Climate Change." *National Geographic*. National Geographic Society, 2022. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/climatechange. Accessed October 15, 2023.
Key Considerations for All Styles:
* Accuracy: Double-check all information for accuracy.
* Consistency: Maintain consistent formatting throughout your citations.
* Style Guides: Consult the official style guide for the most up-to-date information. These examples are simplified and may not cover every scenario.
* URL Handling: Some styles prefer shortened URLs or DOIs where available.
Remember to always consult the specific style guide you are using for the most accurate and complete citation information. Your instructor or publication will usually specify which style to use.