1. The Odyssey by Homer: Steinbeck admired the epic scope and themes of Homer's work, which is evident in many of his novels, particularly in The Grapes of Wrath and East of Eden. He was drawn to the journey motif, the exploration of human nature, and the powerful storytelling that characterized *The Odyssey*.
2. The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane: This book, with its realistic depiction of the psychological effects of war, greatly impacted Steinbeck's writing. It influenced his style, his focus on individual struggles within larger social contexts, and his willingness to portray the darker sides of humanity. This influence is particularly noticeable in Steinbeck's war novel, Of Mice and Men.
These two books were not only sources of inspiration for Steinbeck but also helped shape his literary vision and artistic style.