* Satire: This is a broad term that encompasses using humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize folly, vice, or stupidity. It can be used to target individuals, groups, institutions, or even society as a whole.
* Parody: This involves imitating the style or content of a particular work, person, or genre, often with the intent of humorous or satirical effect. Parody can be used to mock specific people or groups, or to comment on broader societal issues.
* Irony: Irony is a literary device that involves a contrast between what is said and what is meant, or between what is expected and what actually happens. It can be used to highlight hypocrisy or absurdity, and often serves to expose flaws in individuals or society.
* Caricature: This is a portrait that exaggerates or distorts the subject's features, often in a humorous or satirical way. Caricatures are often used to ridicule individuals or groups by emphasizing their perceived flaws or eccentricities.
* Black comedy: This type of humor deals with dark or serious subject matter in a humorous way, often using irony, sarcasm, or absurdity. Black comedy can be used to challenge societal norms or expose the darker side of human nature.
It's important to note that while these literary devices can be used to criticize and ridicule, they can also be used to inspire reflection and promote positive change. The effectiveness of these devices depends on the author's skill and the context of the work.