Fiction:
* Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961): American novelist and short-story writer known for his spare, minimalist style and themes of war, masculinity, and disillusionment. (Notable works: *The Sun Also Rises*, *A Farewell to Arms*, *For Whom the Bell Tolls*)
* F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940): American novelist and short-story writer known for his depictions of the Jazz Age and the American Dream. (Notable works: *The Great Gatsby*, *Tender Is the Night*, *This Side of Paradise*)
* William Faulkner (1897-1962): American novelist known for his complex, often experimental style and explorations of the American South. (Notable works: *The Sound and the Fury*, *As I Lay Dying*, *Light in August*)
* James Joyce (1882-1941): Irish novelist and poet known for his innovative use of stream-of-consciousness and his exploration of modern life. (Notable works: *Ulysses*, *Dubliners*, *Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man*)
* Virginia Woolf (1882-1941): English novelist and essayist known for her experimental style and her exploration of female consciousness. (Notable works: *Mrs. Dalloway*, *To the Lighthouse*, *Orlando*)
* Agatha Christie (1890-1976): English writer known for her detective novels and her creation of the famous detective Hercule Poirot. (Notable works: *The Murder of Roger Ackroyd*, *Murder on the Orient Express*, *And Then There Were None*)
* George Orwell (1903-1950): English novelist and essayist known for his dystopian novels and his political writing. (Notable works: *Nineteen Eighty-Four*, *Animal Farm*, *Homage to Catalonia*)
* J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973): English philologist and writer known for his epic fantasy novels, particularly *The Lord of the Rings*.
* Harper Lee (1926-2016): American novelist known for her Pulitzer Prize-winning novel *To Kill a Mockingbird*.
* Gabriel García Márquez (1927-2014): Colombian novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter, and journalist, known for his works of magical realism. (Notable works: *One Hundred Years of Solitude*, *Love in the Time of Cholera*, *Chronicle of a Death Foretold*)
Nonfiction:
* W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963): American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, and Pan-Africanist, known for his groundbreaking work on race and society. (Notable works: *The Souls of Black Folk*, *Black Reconstruction in America*)
* Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968): American Baptist minister and activist, known for his role in the Civil Rights Movement. (Notable works: *Letter from Birmingham Jail*, *Strength to Love*, *Why We Can't Wait*)
* Rachel Carson (1907-1964): American marine biologist and author, known for her environmentalist writings. (Notable works: *Silent Spring*)
* Maya Angelou (1928-2014): American poet, memoirist, and activist, known for her autobiographical works. (Notable works: *I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings*, *Gather Together in My Name*, *Phenomenal Woman*)
* Susan Sontag (1933-2004): American writer, philosopher, filmmaker, and political activist known for her essays on art, culture, and politics. (Notable works: *Against Interpretation*, *On Photography*, *Illness as Metaphor*)
This list is not exhaustive, but it provides a good starting point for exploring the rich literary landscape of the 1900s. It's important to note that authors can often be classified into multiple genres, and this is just one way to organize them.
I encourage you to explore these authors and others from the 1900s to discover the many diverse voices and perspectives that shaped the literary world of the past century.