Here are some key figures and factors to consider:
* Early 20th Century: The first Māori-language novels were published around the early 20th century, often in serial form. However, identifying a single "first" is tricky as these works were sometimes credited to collective efforts or anonymous authorship.
* Key Figures:
* Āpirana Ngata: While not strictly a novelist, Ngata is considered a pioneer of Māori literature. His work, including "Ngā Moteatea" (Māori songs), contributed significantly to the development of Māori writing.
* W.H. (Bill) Hohepa: Published the first Māori-language novel, "Te Aroha o te Kura" (Love of the School), in 1923.
* Māori writers in English: Authors like T.M. (Tom) McLean (author of "Te Rangi, a Story of Two Worlds") and Apirana Ngata (who also wrote in English) paved the way for later Māori writers in the English language.
* Ongoing Debate: There are ongoing discussions about who truly deserves the title of "first Māori novelist." Some argue for the earliest authors in Māori, while others focus on those who published in English.
Ultimately, it's more accurate to say that there were several important early Māori authors who contributed to the development of Māori literature and helped pave the way for the vibrant contemporary scene we see today.
It's important to recognize the contributions of these early writers, and the ongoing evolution of Māori literature.