Which reference would best explain what an author means when she uses the adjective saturnine to describe a character?

The best reference to understand the adjective "saturnine" would be a dictionary or thesaurus.

Here's why:

* Definition: "Saturnine" is a rather uncommon word with specific connotations. A dictionary will provide the precise definition, which usually describes a person as gloomy, sullen, and serious. It often implies a dark and brooding personality.

* Synonyms: A thesaurus will provide synonyms for "saturnine" which can help you understand its nuances and how it differs from similar words like "melancholy," "morose," or "grim."

Why not other references?

* Literary criticism: While literary criticism can provide insight into the author's intent, it's unlikely to focus specifically on the word "saturnine."

* Character biographies: Character biographies are helpful for understanding a fictional character's background, but won't necessarily define the word itself.

* Online search: While an online search might provide some definitions, a dictionary or thesaurus will be more reliable and comprehensive.

Example:

Let's say the author describes a character as "saturnine." A dictionary might define "saturnine" as "a gloomy or surly disposition." A thesaurus might offer synonyms like "dour," "gloomy," "grim," and "melancholy." This will give you a clearer understanding of the character's personality traits.

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