Fiction:
* Dr. Frankenstein (Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein"): A brilliant but obsessive scientist who creates a monstrous creature.
* Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (Robert Louis Stevenson's "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde"): A scientist who unwittingly unleashes a dark alter ego through a chemical experiment.
* Sherlock Holmes (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes"): A fictional detective renowned for his scientific method of deduction.
* Dr. Moreau (H.G. Wells' "The Island of Doctor Moreau"): A scientist who conducts gruesome experiments on animals to create human-like beings.
* Dr. Faustus (Christopher Marlowe's "The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus"): A scholar who sells his soul to the devil in exchange for knowledge and power.
* Dr. Strangelove (Stanley Kubrick's "Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb"): A satirical portrayal of a mad scientist obsessed with nuclear war.
* The Time Traveler (H.G. Wells' "The Time Machine"): A scientist who builds a machine to travel through time.
* Gregor Mendel (Jonathan Safran Foer's "Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close"): A fictionalized account of the real-life geneticist.
* Dr. Ellie Sattler (Michael Crichton's "Jurassic Park"): A paleobotanist who becomes caught in a dinosaur-filled theme park.
* Dr. Ian Malcolm (Michael Crichton's "Jurassic Park"): A mathematician and chaos theorist who warns of the dangers of genetic engineering.
* Robert Langdon (Dan Brown's "The Da Vinci Code"): A symbologist who uses scientific methods to solve mysteries.
Non-Fiction:
* Charles Darwin (Many biographies and essays): A pioneering biologist known for his theory of evolution.
* Marie Curie (Many biographies): A physicist and chemist who conducted groundbreaking research on radioactivity.
* Albert Einstein (Many biographies): A physicist known for his theory of relativity.
* Stephen Hawking (His own autobiographies): A theoretical physicist who wrote about black holes and the universe.
* Richard Dawkins (His own writings): A biologist and author who wrote about evolution and atheism.
* Jane Goodall (Her own writings): A primatologist known for her research on chimpanzees.
* Carl Sagan (His own writings): An astronomer and popularizer of science who wrote about the universe and extraterrestrial life.
This is just a small sampling of scientists who have been portrayed in literature. There are many other scientists, both real and fictional, whose stories have captivated readers for generations.
If you have any specific genres or topics in mind, let me know, and I can provide a more tailored list!