However, while the book deals with themes of loss, grief, and the impact of 9/11, it doesn't specifically focus on Foer's personal experience of being Jewish for a year.
Foer is Jewish, and his Jewish identity is a recurring theme in his writing, but "Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close" is not autobiographical in that specific way.
Perhaps you are thinking of another book? If you can provide more information about the book, I might be able to help you identify the author.