Early Realists:
* August Wilson: Often called the "American Shakespeare," Wilson's plays are deeply rooted in the African American experience, showcasing the complexities of race, class, and identity in the 20th century.
* Clifford Odets: Known for his plays dealing with social and economic injustices, particularly in working-class settings.
* Tennessee Williams: While often categorized as a "Southern Gothic" writer, Williams explored the complexities of human relationships, often with a sharp focus on the underbelly of society.
* Arthur Miller: A leading figure in the American theater, Miller focused on themes of morality, responsibility, and the individual's struggle against societal pressures.
Later Realists and Naturalists:
* Eugene O'Neill: A pioneer of American drama, O'Neill tackled issues of family, addiction, and the darker aspects of human nature.
* Lillian Hellman: Known for her sharp social commentary and exposing corruption within the political system.
* Thornton Wilder: While often considered a playwright of "poetic realism," Wilder's work explores themes of memory, time, and the search for meaning.
* Lorraine Hansberry: A groundbreaking playwright who broke barriers with her poignant portrayal of Black life in America in her play "A Raisin in the Sun."
Contemporary Realists:
* Lynn Nottage: Winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, Nottage's plays explore the lives of women and communities marginalized in American society.
* Tracy Letts: Known for his darkly comedic and often unsettling portrayals of dysfunctional families and relationships.
* Suzan-Lori Parks: A Pulitzer Prize winner, Parks utilizes experimental elements while maintaining a focus on the complexities of African American identity and history.
* Anna Deavere Smith: A prolific playwright and performer, Smith uses verbatim theater to explore social and political issues through the voices of real people.
It's important to note: While these playwrights are broadly associated with realism, many of them also incorporated elements of naturalism, expressionism, and other theatrical styles into their work. The lines between these movements can blur, and the plays themselves are often rich with multiple layers of meaning.
This list is not exhaustive. There are many other talented American playwrights who have contributed to the evolution of realist theater.