While there are individual characters who represent these forces, such as:
* The white landowner who unjustly accuses Sounder of stealing, leading to his imprisonment.
* The sheriff who carries out the law without compassion or understanding, representing the system's bias.
* The family's constant struggle for survival, symbolizing the dehumanizing effects of poverty.
These characters embody the larger societal forces of racism and poverty that ultimately create the conflict and obstacles the family faces.
It's important to note that the book doesn't present a clear-cut villain. Instead, it explores the complex and systemic nature of these issues, demonstrating their impact on individuals and families.