Here are a few examples to illustrate this point:
1. (Smith, 2023)
- In this case, "Smith" is the author's last name. Since the author's name appears in the text (e.g., "As Smith (2023) argues..."), including the last name in the citation is still important for clarity and proper referencing.
2. (Doe, 2019, p. 45)
- Here, "Doe" is the author's last name, and the page number (p. 45) is also included in the citation. Even though the author's name is mentioned in the text, it's still necessary to provide additional details (such as the publication date and page number) for a complete reference.
3. (Jones & Chen, 2017)
- In this scenario, "Jones" and "Chen" are the authors' last names. If both names appear in the text (e.g., "Jones and Chen (2017) assert..."), the last names should still be included in the citation to avoid any ambiguity or confusion.