1. Contrast: The poem creates a contrast between the appearance of Richard Cory's life and the reality of his inner struggles. The first part of the poem presents Cory as a seemingly perfect and enviable figure, with references to his wealth, good looks, and popularity. However, the contrast is revealed in the final lines, where the speaker expresses shock at the news of Cory's suicide, suggesting that there was a hidden depth of despair beneath his polished exterior.
2. Irony: The poem employs dramatic irony by creating a discrepancy between what the speaker and the reader know about Richard Cory. While the speaker initially admires and envies Cory, the reader becomes aware that Cory's life is not as idyllic as it appears. This irony adds to the surprise and impact of the poem's ending.
3. Symbolism: The poem uses the symbol of Richard Cory to represent a broader social commentary. Cory becomes a symbol of the facade of wealth and success that can mask personal struggles. The poem invites readers to consider the complexity and hidden dimensions of human lives, and challenges assumptions about what constitutes a truly fulfilling existence.
4. Alliteration: Robinson uses alliteration in several places in the poem. For example, in the lines "he was always quietly arrayed" and "he was rich - yes, richer than a king -," the repetition of the "r" and "k" sounds creates a sense of rhythm and emphasis, adding to the memorable quality of the poem's language.
Overall, the use of these literary devices in "Richard Cory" contributes to the poem's evocative and thought-provoking nature, as it explores themes of social perception, class and wealth, and the often-hidden complexities of human experience.