Key Components for ALL Styles:
* Author(s): Last name, First initial.
* Date of Publication: Year (sometimes month and day).
* Article Title: In quotation marks.
* Journal/Publication Title: Italicized.
* Volume and Issue Number (if applicable): Volume number is usually italicized.
* Page Numbers: Range of pages the article occupies.
* DOI or URL: Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is preferred; if not available, use the URL.
Examples:
1. MLA (Modern Language Association):
* In-text citation: (Author's Last Name Page Number) For example: (Smith 123). If multiple authors, use the first author's last name followed by "et al." (Smith et al. 123).
* Works Cited entry (at the end of your essay):
Smith, John. "Article Title." *Journal Title*, vol. volume number, no. issue number, year, pages, DOI or URL.
Example:
Smith, John. "The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers." *Journal of Adolescent Research*, vol. 25, no. 2, 2020, pp. 123-145, doi:10.1080/07435584.2019.1687654.
2. APA (American Psychological Association):
* In-text citation: (Author's Last Name, Year, page number). For example: (Smith, 2020, p. 123). If multiple authors, list all authors the first time; subsequent citations use the first author's last name and "et al."
* References entry (at the end of your essay):
Smith, J. (Year). Article title. *Journal Title*, *volume*(issue), pages–pages. DOI or URL
Example:
Smith, J. (2020). The impact of social media on teenagers. *Journal of Adolescent Research*, *25*(2), 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/07435584.2019.1687654
3. Chicago (Notes and Bibliography):
* In-text citation: A superscript number in the text corresponds to a numbered footnote or endnote at the bottom of the page or end of the essay.
* Bibliography entry (at the end of your essay):
Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Article Title." *Journal Title* volume number, no. issue number (Year): pages. DOI or URL.
Example:
¹John Smith, "The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers," *Journal of Adolescent Research* 25, no. 2 (2020): 123-45, https://doi.org/10.1080/07435584.2019.1687654.
Important Considerations:
* Consistency: Maintain consistency throughout your essay. Use the chosen style guide meticulously.
* Accuracy: Double-check all information for accuracy. A small mistake can invalidate your entire citation.
* Citation Management Software: Tools like Zotero, Mendeley, and EndNote can help you manage and format your citations.
* Consult a Style Guide: Always refer to the most up-to-date style guide for the specific citation style you're using. These guides provide detailed instructions and examples.
This information provides a basic framework. Always consult the relevant style guide for the most precise and complete instructions. Your instructor or publication will specify which style to use.