1. Direct Quotes:
* Yes, use quotation marks. Direct quotes, where you are copying the exact wording of someone else, always need quotation marks. For example:
> "The purpose of life, after all, is to live it, to taste experience to the utmost, to reach out eagerly and without fear for newer and richer experience." - Eleanor Roosevelt
2. Paraphrasing and Summarizing:
* No, don't use quotation marks. When you paraphrase or summarize someone else's ideas, you're putting their ideas into your own words. This doesn't require quotation marks, but still needs a citation.
3. Titles of Works:
* Follow the specific rules of your style guide. Different style guides have different rules for titles. For example, MLA style uses quotation marks for short works like poems, articles, or chapters, but italicizes long works like books, plays, or movies. APA style uses italics for all titles.
4. Citations:
* Follow your style guide's rules. Citation styles like MLA, APA, or Chicago have specific formats for citing sources in the text of your report and in a bibliography or reference list.
Example:
* MLA:
* In-text citation: (Smith 12).
* Bibliography: Smith, John. _The Art of Writing_. New York: Penguin, 2023.
* APA:
* In-text citation: (Smith, 2023).
* Reference list: Smith, J. (2023). _The Art of Writing_. New York: Penguin.
In summary:
* Direct quotes: Always use quotation marks.
* Paraphrasing/Summarizing: No quotation marks needed.
* Titles: Follow your style guide's rules.
* Citations: Follow your style guide's rules.
If you are unsure about how to use quotation marks in your report, consult the style guide recommended for your field or assignment.