The basic format for an in-text citation is:
(Author's Last Name Page Number(s))
However, there are some variations depending on the specific circumstances:
1. Single-Author Work: If the work has a single author, include only the last name and the page number(s).
Example: (Smith 12).
2. Multiple Authors: If the work has two authors, include both last names separated by "and." For three or more authors, use the first author's last name followed by "et al."
Example: (Smith and Jones 12-15)
(Jones et al. 18)
3. Work with No Page Numbers: If the referenced material does not have page numbers, such as a website or an online source, omit the page number(s).
Example: (Smith, "Article Title").
4. Multiple Citations: When citing multiple works by the same author within the same paragraph or section, use shortened citations to avoid repetition. For the first citation, include the full last name and the page number(s). For subsequent citations, use the last name and a shortened version of the title.
Example:
(Smith 12).
(Smith, "Theories" 15).
5. Citing Indirect Sources: If you are citing information obtained from another source, such as an encyclopedia or a review article, include the original author's last name, the publication title (in quotation marks), and the page number(s) from the original source.
Example: (Smith, as quoted in Jones 20).
Remember, consistency in formatting is important when using MLA style. You should follow the guidelines provided by your instructor or the specific style guide required by your institution or publication.