Here's a breakdown of the main themes and how they contribute to this central idea:
* The Decline of the Scottish Borders: The poem takes place in the Scottish Borders, a region that was once wild and independent, home to powerful clans and fierce warriors. The poem depicts the decline of this way of life, with the Borders becoming more civilized and integrated into the rest of Scotland.
* The End of the Minstrel Tradition: The "Last Minstrel" himself is a symbol of the fading traditions of storytelling and music. He represents the loss of an oral culture and the rise of written literature.
* The Loss of Romance and Valor: The poem reflects on the loss of chivalry and romantic ideals, replaced by a more pragmatic and secular world.
* The Importance of History and Memory: Despite the passing of an era, the poem emphasizes the importance of remembering the past and preserving its stories. The Minstrel's songs serve as a testament to the bravery and history of the Borders.
In essence, "Lay of the Last Minstrel" is a lament for a lost world, but also a celebration of the enduring power of memory and tradition. The poem's central idea is that while things change, the stories and values of the past can still inspire and shape the present.