* Substitute for a common noun: Kennings are often used to replace everyday words, adding a touch of poetic flair and making the language more evocative. For example, instead of saying "ship," a poet might use "wave-rider" or "swan's road."
* Create a vivid image: Kennings can paint a picture in the reader's mind, adding a layer of imagery and detail to the poem. For example, "battle-sweat" instead of "blood."
* Elevate the subject: Kennings can elevate the subject of the poem, making it seem more significant or impressive. For example, "sky-candle" instead of "sun."
* Maintain the rhythm and meter of the poem: Kennings can help to maintain the rhythm and meter of a poem by providing a specific number of syllables or a particular emphasis.
In short, kennings in Anglo-Saxon poetry are a versatile tool for the poet, enriching the language, imagery, and overall impact of the poem.