1. The Text Itself:
* Words: Pay close attention to the specific words used, their connotations, and how they are arranged.
* Imagery: Analyze the sensory details (visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, gustatory) the poet uses to create vivid images.
* Figurative Language: Look for metaphors, similes, personification, and other figurative devices that convey meaning beyond the literal.
* Structure and Form: Consider the poem's structure (rhyme scheme, stanzas, etc.) and how it contributes to the overall message.
* Sound Devices: Notice the use of alliteration, assonance, consonance, and other sound devices that create a particular effect.
2. Context:
* Historical Context: Understand the time period the poem was written in, and how it reflects the societal, political, or cultural issues of that time.
* Author's Life: Consider the poet's personal experiences, beliefs, and motivations. How might their life influence their work?
* Genre and Tradition: What genre does the poem belong to (lyric, narrative, epic, etc.)? What conventions are associated with that genre?
* Audience: Who was the poem intended for? What is the poet trying to communicate to their audience?
3. Interpretation and Analysis:
* Multiple Perspectives: Don't be afraid to explore different interpretations of the poem. There might be more than one valid understanding.
* Research: Look at critical essays, literary analyses, and other resources to gain insights from scholars who have already studied the poem.
* Critical Thinking: Engage in critical thinking. Ask yourself questions about the poem, its themes, and its message.
* Personal Connection: While objective analysis is important, don't underestimate the power of your own personal connection with the poem. What emotions or thoughts does it evoke in you?
Remember: Understanding poetry is an ongoing process. It takes time and effort to delve into the nuances of language, context, and interpretation. Don't be afraid to revisit poems and explore new ideas as your understanding grows.