1. Sonnet:
- A sonnet is a 14-line poem, typically written in iambic pentameter (a specific rhythmic pattern).
- Sonnets often follow a specific rhyme scheme and structure, such as the Shakespearean or Petrarchan sonnet.
2. Haiku:
- A haiku is a traditional Japanese short-form poem consisting of three lines, with five syllables in the first line, seven in the second, and five in the third.
- Haiku poems often focus on nature, capturing a fleeting moment or experience.
3. Limerick:
- A limerick is a humorous poem consisting of five lines, with a specific rhyme scheme (AABBA).
- Limerick poems are known for their playful, often nonsensical content.
4. Ode:
- An ode is a lyric poem that expresses strong emotions or thoughts about a particular subject, often in a formal or elevated style.
5. Elegy:
- An elegy is a poem that expresses sorrow, lamentation, or mourning, typically for a deceased person or a lost object.
6. Epic:
- An epic is a long narrative poem that recounts the heroic deeds of a hero or a group of heroes.
7. Ballad:
- A ballad is a narrative poem that tells a story in a traditional style, often with a repeating refrain or chorus.
8. Free Verse:
- Free verse is poetry that does not follow a regular meter or rhyme scheme, allowing for greater flexibility in poetic expression.
9. Blank Verse:
- Blank verse is unrhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter, commonly used in dramatic verse and narrative poems.
10. Cinquain:
- A cinquain is a five-line poem with a specific structure: two syllables in the first line, four in the second, six in the third, eight in the fourth, and two in the fifth.
11. Pantoum:
- A pantoum is a poem consisting of a series of quatrains (four-line stanzas), where the second and fourth lines of each stanza are repeated as the first and third lines of the next stanza, creating a continuous chain.
12. Ghazal:
- A ghazal is a traditional form of Persian poetry consisting of a series of couplets (two-line stanzas), where each couplet shares the same rhyme and often explores a central theme or idea.
13. Villanelle:
- A villanelle is a 19-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme (ABA ABA ABA ABA ABA ABAA) and a repeating refrain that appears at the end of each tercet (three-line stanza) and as the final line of the poem.
14. Sestina:
- A sestina is a complex poem consisting of six six-line stanzas and a three-line envoy, with a unique rhyme scheme and repetition of six key words throughout the poem.
15. Double Dactyl:
- A double dactyl is a humorous poetic form consisting of two dactyls (a rhythmic pattern consisting of one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables).