Research Essay:
* Argumentative Focus: A research essay centers around a specific, arguable thesis statement. The essay's purpose is to persuade the reader of the validity of this thesis through evidence and analysis. It's not just about presenting facts; it's about interpreting and analyzing them to support a particular claim.
* Analytical Depth: Research essays delve deeper into the analysis of the evidence presented. They go beyond simply summarizing information; they interpret, synthesize, and evaluate sources to construct a compelling argument. This often involves exploring different perspectives and engaging in critical thinking.
* Original Interpretation/Contribution: While building upon existing research, a good research essay offers a fresh perspective or interpretation of the material. It contributes something new to the ongoing conversation on the topic, even if it's a nuanced refinement of existing ideas.
* Structure Driven by Argument: The structure of a research essay is dictated by the logical flow of the argument. Sections are organized to support the thesis statement, leading the reader step-by-step through the evidence and reasoning.
* Audience: The audience is typically an academic one, familiar with the conventions of scholarly writing.
Historical Report:
* Descriptive Focus: A historical report primarily aims to describe past events, situations, or individuals. While it may draw conclusions, its primary goal is to accurately present historical information. It's less focused on arguing a particular point.
* Factual Accuracy: Accuracy and objectivity are paramount. The report meticulously documents events and avoids subjective interpretations unless explicitly stated as such (e.g., in a section discussing historiographical debates).
* Chronological Organization: Often organized chronologically, following the timeline of events. This linear structure aids in understanding the sequence of happenings.
* Compilation of Evidence: It compiles evidence from various sources to present a comprehensive account, but the emphasis is on presentation rather than critical analysis and argumentation.
* Audience: The audience can vary, from academics to a general public depending on the purpose of the report. The language and level of detail might be adjusted accordingly.
In short: A research essay argues a point using evidence; a historical report describes events using evidence. The research essay is more interpretive and analytical, while the historical report is more descriptive and factual. The research essay builds a case; the historical report builds a narrative.