Here's why:
* Abstract: Academic journals often require abstracts to provide a concise summary of the article's content, allowing readers to quickly assess its relevance.
* Bibliography: A bibliography lists all the sources cited in the article, providing readers with a complete record of the research used.
* Footnotes: Footnotes are used to provide additional information, clarify points, or cite specific sources within the text. This thoroughness is typical of academic writing.
While other types of publications might include some of these elements, the combination of all three is a strong indicator of an academic journal.