1. Raising Public Awareness: Muckrakers brought public attention to social, economic, and political issues that had previously been ignored or downplayed. They exposed corruption, malpractice, and injustice in various industries and institutions. This widespread public awareness served as a catalyst for government action.
2. Meat Inspection Act (1906): Upton Sinclair's novel "The Jungle" exposed unsanitary conditions and dangerous practices in the meatpacking industry. The book's publication sparked outrage and led to public pressure for reform. In response, the federal government passed the Meat Inspection Act, which established federal oversight and inspection of meat processing facilities.
3. Pure Food and Drug Act (1906): Sinclair's work also played a crucial role in the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act. The act aimed to prevent the sale of contaminated, misbranded, or adulterated food and drugs.
4. Hepburn Act (1906): Ida Tarbell's investigative reporting on Standard Oil's monopolistic practices contributed to the passage of the Hepburn Act. This legislation strengthened the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) in regulating railroad rates and practices, preventing unfair discrimination by large corporations.
5. Federal Reserve Act (1913): Tarbell's work also influenced the establishment of the Federal Reserve System. Her articles exposed the flaws of the existing banking system and the need for more centralized control over currency and credit. The Federal Reserve Act created a central banking system that helped regulate the financial industry.
6. Clayton Antitrust Act (1914): Additionally, Tarbell's writings contributed to the Clayton Antitrust Act, which aimed to prevent unfair trade practices and monopolies.
7. Progressive Legislation: The cumulative effect of muckraker writings contributed to the broader progressive movement of the early 20th century. The federal government enacted various reforms, including workers' compensation laws, improved labor regulations, child labor laws, and conservation measures.
In summary, Ida Tarbell and Upton Sinclair's work played a significant role in influencing the federal government. Their writings exposed social and economic issues, rallied public support, and led to the enactment of landmark legislation that aimed to protect consumers, regulate industries, and promote fair trade practices. Their contributions left a lasting impact on American society and politics.