1. Decoding & Word Recognition:
* Phonological awareness: Understanding the sounds of language and how they relate to letters and words. Crucial for early reading.
* Letter recognition: Identifying individual letters and their sounds.
* Phonics: Understanding the relationship between letters and sounds to decode words.
* Sight word recognition: Quickly recognizing common words without sounding them out.
* Vocabulary knowledge: Understanding the meaning of words.
2. Comprehension:
* Literal comprehension: Understanding the explicit information stated in the text.
* Inferential comprehension: Drawing conclusions and making predictions based on the text.
* Evaluative comprehension: Critically analyzing the text, considering the author's purpose, bias, and credibility.
* Appreciative comprehension: Experiencing the aesthetic qualities of the text, such as the author's style and imagery.
3. Fluency:
* Accuracy: Reading words correctly.
* Rate: Reading at an appropriate speed.
* Prosody: Reading with expression, including intonation, phrasing, and pacing.
4. Metacognitive Awareness:
* Monitoring comprehension: Recognizing when understanding breaks down and employing strategies to fix it (e.g., rereading, looking up words).
* Planning reading strategies: Choosing appropriate strategies before, during, and after reading based on the text and purpose.
* Self-regulation: Managing attention and motivation during reading.
5. Engagement & Motivation:
* Interest in the topic: A reader's engagement is significantly influenced by their interest in the subject matter.
* Personal connection: Readers are more engaged when they can connect the text to their own experiences.
* Purpose for reading: Having a reason to read (e.g., for pleasure, information, or assignment) increases motivation.
6. Cognitive Processes:
* Working memory: Holding information in mind while processing new information.
* Executive function: Planning, focusing attention, and inhibiting distractions.
* Background knowledge: Prior knowledge related to the text enhances comprehension.
These facets are interconnected and influence each other. A strong foundation in decoding allows for greater fluency, which in turn supports deeper comprehension. Motivation and metacognitive strategies are crucial for effective and enjoyable reading experiences.