* Religious Writings: This was the dominant form of literature during this period.
* Sermons: Preachers like Cotton Mather and Jonathan Edwards wrote sermons that explored religious themes and addressed societal issues.
* Diaries and Journals: Individuals like Anne Bradstreet and Samuel Sewall used their personal writings to reflect on their faith and daily lives.
* Spiritual Autobiographies: Individuals like Jonathan Edwards wrote about their conversion experiences and spiritual journeys.
* Historical Writings: The need to document the early settlements and experiences of colonists led to the rise of historical accounts.
* Travelogues: Writers like William Bradford and John Smith documented their journeys and encounters with the New World.
* Chronicles: These writings provided accounts of events and the lives of important individuals.
* Other Forms:
* Poetry: While not as abundant as religious writing, some poetry emerged, often focusing on religious themes or celebrating colonial achievements.
* Early Plays: A few plays were written, though they are less well-known.
Key Characteristics:
* Puritan Influence: The literature of the 17th century was heavily influenced by Puritan values and beliefs, emphasizing morality, piety, and God's will.
* Plain Style: The writing style tended to be simple and straightforward, prioritizing clarity and directness over elaborate language.
* Focus on Practicality: Many writings focused on practical concerns like survival, land use, and government.
Important Authors:
* William Bradford: Author of "Of Plymouth Plantation," a primary source for understanding the early years of Plymouth Colony.
* John Smith: Author of "The General History of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles," which detailed his explorations and encounters with Native Americans.
* Anne Bradstreet: The first published American poet, known for her religious verse and personal reflections.
* Cotton Mather: A prominent Puritan minister and writer known for his works on witchcraft and his "Magnalia Christi Americana," a history of New England.
* Jonathan Edwards: A theologian and preacher known for his powerful sermons, especially "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."
While 17th-century American literature may not be as extensive as later periods, it laid the foundation for future literary traditions and provides valuable insights into the early experiences and values of the American colonists.