* Different Literary Goals: Beowulf was written in a different time and for a different purpose. It was an epic poem meant to entertain, celebrate heroism, and reinforce cultural values. Modern literature often focuses on exploring the inner lives and motivations of characters in a more nuanced way.
* Character Archetypes: Beowulf's characters often fit into clear archetypes: the noble hero, the monstrous villain, the wise king, etc. Their motivations are straightforward and often driven by duty, honor, and a desire for glory. Modern characters are often more complex, flawed, and driven by a broader range of internal conflicts.
* Limited Interiority: Beowulf doesn't delve deeply into the thoughts and feelings of its characters. We see their actions and hear their speeches, but we rarely get a window into their internal struggles or complexities. Modern literature often uses techniques like stream of consciousness or deep introspection to reveal characters' psychological depths.
* Cultural Context: The cultural context of Beowulf's time emphasized heroism, strength, and loyalty. This influenced the way characters were portrayed. Modern literature often reflects a more complex understanding of human nature, including its flaws and inconsistencies.
However, it's important to note that:
* Beowulf's Characters are Not Shallow: Even within the limitations of its time, Beowulf's characters are not simply one-dimensional. We see shades of complexity in Beowulf's pride, Hrothgar's grief, and Grendel's rage.
* Symbolic Meaning: The characters in Beowulf can be read symbolically, allowing for deeper interpretations of their motivations and actions. This can be seen as a form of psychological complexity, albeit on a symbolic level.
Ultimately, while Beowulf's characters may not match the psychological depth of modern literature, they are still compelling figures with motivations and conflicts that resonate across time. They reflect the values and anxieties of their own era, offering insights into human nature through the lens of their time.