The parallels:
* Cunning and resourceful: In previous books, Odysseus is described as a master strategist and a clever schemer. This is reinforced in Book 5 when he devises a plan to escape Calypso's island, using materials readily available.
* Resilience and determination: Odysseus has endured immense hardship, and this is evident in his continued will to survive and return home. In Book 5, despite being held captive by a goddess, his desire to reach Ithaca remains unwavering.
* Eloquent and persuasive: Odysseus is known for his ability to use words to his advantage. This is seen when he appeals to the gods, particularly Hermes, to intervene and grant him his freedom.
The new insights:
* Vulnerability: While Odysseus's strength and cunning are highlighted, Book 5 also reveals his vulnerability. He expresses longing for his home and family, highlighting his emotional side.
* Desperation: The years of confinement on Calypso's island have taken a toll on Odysseus. His desire to return home is not just a desire for adventure, but a desperate need to reunite with his family and reclaim his life.
* Humanity: Despite being a legendary hero, Odysseus's experience on Calypso's island reveals his human nature. He is not above feeling emotions like despair and loneliness, and his longing for Ithaca emphasizes his connection to his mortal existence.
Overall, Book 5 builds upon the established image of Odysseus as a clever, resilient, and resourceful hero, but also reveals his vulnerability and humanity, making him a more relatable and complex character.