Here's why:
* Exploration of scientific themes: Poe often explored themes of science and technology in his writing. For instance, in "The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall," he describes a balloon voyage to the moon, and in "The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym," he delves into the mysteries of the Antarctic.
* Speculative fiction: He often wrote stories based on hypothetical scenarios, using science and technology to create imaginative worlds. This element is central to science fiction.
* Focus on the future: Poe sometimes predicted future technologies, like in "The Balloon-Hoax," where he imagined the possibility of transatlantic air travel.
* Gothic elements: While not strictly science fiction, Poe's use of gothic elements, such as the supernatural and the macabre, can be seen as precursors to the "cyberpunk" genre, which often blends science fiction with horror.
However, Poe's writing doesn't fit neatly into the modern definition of science fiction. His stories often prioritize the exploration of human psychology and emotions over technological advancement. He also lacked the focus on social and political themes often present in science fiction.
Therefore, while Poe can be considered a forerunner to science fiction, his writing is best categorized as Gothic fiction, dark romanticism, and mystery.