1. Rejection of Societal Norms: Bartleby stands out as a non-conformist, openly defying the expected behaviors and social conventions of his workplace. His repeated response, “I prefer not to,” becomes a symbol of resistance against the oppressive forces of society that demand mindless obedience.
2. Existential Loneliness: Melville portrays the world of “Bartleby” as inherently lonely, with each individual isolated from the others. Bartleby epitomizes this isolation, becoming an enigma that no one can fully understand. His co-workers, including the narrator, remain distant observers of his eccentric behavior.
3. The Absurdity of Routine: The story's setting, the law office, represents the mundane and repetitive nature of work in contemporary society. Bartleby’s refusal to participate in these meaningless routines critiques the dehumanizing aspects of modern workplaces.
4. The Inability to Communicate: Communication is a central theme in the novella. Bartleby's cryptic language, such as his frequent use of “I prefer not to,” creates barriers between him and his colleagues. This breakdown of communication highlights the difficulties of truly understanding another person's thoughts and feelings.
5. Ambiguity and Symbolism: Melville masterfully employs ambiguity and symbolism in the story. Bartleby's enigmatic qualities and the overall dreamlike atmosphere serve as metaphors for the unknowable aspects of human existence. Readers are left grappling with interpretive possibilities and the complexities of the protagonist's character and motivations.
In conclusion, Herman Melville’s “Bartleby, The Scrivener” offers profound insights into human nature. Through the lens of Bartleby's character, Melville explores themes of individuality, alienation, societal expectations, and the search for meaning in an often-absurd and incomprehensible world.