1. Epic Scope: The novel is an epic drama set against the backdrop of the Napoleonic Wars in early 19th-century Europe, particularly the French invasion of Russia in 1812. It spans several decades and involves a vast array of characters, historical events, and social dynamics.
2. Realistic Portrayal of War: Tolstoy provides a realistic and often brutal depiction of war, capturing the horrors, chaos, and human suffering it brings. He offers a deep exploration of the psychological and moral impact of war on individuals and society.
3. Complex Characters: The novel features an extensive cast of characters, each with their own motivations, flaws, and complex personalities. Tolstoy delves into the inner thoughts, feelings, and personal journeys of his characters, creating a rich tapestry of human experience.
4. Historical Accuracy: Tolstoy meticulously researched historical events, military strategies, and cultural details of the period, ensuring that the novel presents an accurate portrayal of the Napoleonic era. He weaves real-life historical figures, such as Napoleon Bonaparte and Tsar Alexander I, into the narrative.
5. Philosophical and Social Themes: The novel explores profound themes such as the nature of history, the role of free will versus determinism, the search for meaning in life, and the dynamics of social class and power structures. Tolstoy's insights into these themes remain relevant and thought-provoking even today.
6. Literary Technique: Tolstoy employs a variety of literary techniques, including shifting narrative perspectives, symbolism, and subtle foreshadowing, to create a multi-layered and immersive reading experience. His writing is known for its descriptive power, introspection, and psychological insight.
7. Influence on Literature: "War and Peace" is widely regarded as one of the greatest novels ever written and has influenced countless writers and artists throughout history. It has inspired adaptations in various media, including film, television, and theater.
In summary, "War and Peace" is considered a great novel due to its epic scope, realistic portrayal of war, complex characters, historical accuracy, exploration of philosophical and social themes, literary techniques, and its lasting influence on literature and popular culture.