Firstly, Atticus teaches them empathy through his defense of Tom Robinson, a black man falsely accused of assault. Despite facing social ostracism, he explains to his children that Tom deserves a fair trial based on evidence, not prejudice. He emphasizes the importance of standing up for the marginalized and judging individuals based on their character.
Secondly, Atticus stresses the importance of compassion and understanding through his interactions with Boo Radley. He advises his children to see Boo not as a monster, but as a person who might have his own struggles. He teaches them to consider others' perspectives and treat them with kindness, even when they are different.