* Abolitionist Martyr/Terrorist: This is perhaps the most prevalent and enduring debate. Some view Brown as a heroic abolitionist who took radical action to end slavery, even if his methods were extreme. Others see him as a violent terrorist whose actions ultimately harmed the abolitionist cause. This thesis often explores the moral ambiguities of his actions and their consequences.
* Religious Zealot/Political Strategist: Some historians emphasize Brown's deeply held religious beliefs and his conviction that God ordained him to fight slavery. Others focus on his strategic calculations and his attempts to ignite a slave rebellion, analyzing his military tactics and political goals. This thesis often debates the extent to which his actions were driven by faith versus political pragmatism.
* Precursor to the Civil War: Many historians see Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry as a pivotal event that accelerated the tensions leading to the Civil War, highlighting its role in polarizing North and South. This thesis often examines the immediate and long-term consequences of his raid on the political landscape.
* Symbol of Resistance and Rebellion: Some scholars focus on Brown's enduring legacy as a symbol of resistance against oppression, regardless of the morality of his methods. This perspective often examines how his image has been utilized and reinterpreted across different historical periods and social movements.
In short, a "thesis about John Brown" will depend on the specific argument the historian is making. It's not a matter of a single, definitive statement, but rather a complex and multifaceted subject open to ongoing interpretation and debate.