1. Time: A book needs time to prove its lasting impact and relevance. This can be decades, centuries, or even longer.
2. Critical Acclaim: Literary critics, scholars, and reviewers play a significant role in analyzing a book's merit, style, and themes. Positive reviews and scholarly discussions contribute to a book's reputation.
3. Reader Response: The public's sustained interest and appreciation for a book are crucial. Continued reprinting, adaptation into other mediums (like films), and discussions among readers solidify a book's position.
4. Cultural Influence: A classic often reflects its time and influences future generations. It might shape societal values, inspire new ideas, or offer unique perspectives on human nature.
5. Enduring Themes: A classic explores universal themes that resonate across cultures and time periods. These themes can relate to love, loss, power, identity, and other fundamental human experiences.
6. Artistic Merit: A classic often showcases exceptional literary craftsmanship, with skillful use of language, symbolism, character development, and plot structure.
7. Historical Significance: A book might be considered a classic because it captures a pivotal moment in history, offers a unique perspective on a historical event, or reflects the spirit of its era.
It's important to note that "classic" is a subjective term. What one person considers a classic, another might not. There is no definitive list or official designation, making the process of recognizing a classic an ongoing and evolving one.
Ultimately, the question of whether a book is a classic is a matter of collective judgment, cultural influence, and the enduring power of the written word.