1. Defoe's Maritime Background:
Defoe himself was a merchant and had experience with sea travel. He even served as a secret agent in the war with France and spent some time in prison for his political activities. This background likely inspired the novel's detailed and realistic portrayal of seafaring life, shipwrecks, and the challenges of island survival.
2. Defoe's Religious Views:
Defoe was a devout Puritan. This religious perspective is reflected in the novel through Crusoe's conversion experience, his constant reflection and introspection, and his strong moral compass. The novel's themes of self-reliance, resourcefulness, and ultimately, finding solace in God, are consistent with Puritan ideology.
3. Defoe's Interest in Travel and Exploration:
Defoe was a keen observer of the world and was fascinated by travel and exploration. This interest is evident in the novel's detailed descriptions of the island, its inhabitants, and the challenges Crusoe faced. He also incorporates elements of the "castaway" genre, which was popular at the time.
4. Defoe's Personal Struggles:
Defoe's life was marked by periods of hardship and financial insecurity. These experiences might have influenced the themes of survival, resilience, and the search for prosperity found in "Robinson Crusoe." The novel's portrayal of Crusoe's struggles against loneliness, despair, and the harsh realities of island life resonates with Defoe's own personal struggles.
5. Defoe's Philosophical Beliefs:
Defoe was a staunch advocate for reason and self-sufficiency. These principles are embodied in Crusoe's character, who uses his intellect and skills to overcome adversity and create a new life for himself on the island. The novel's emphasis on the power of human ingenuity and determination aligns with Defoe's philosophical views.
It's important to note that "Robinson Crusoe" is a work of fiction, not a direct autobiography. However, Defoe's own life experiences and beliefs profoundly influenced the novel's themes, characters, and narrative structure.