Here's why:
* "Jurgis might argue with himself all he chose": This implies Jurgis is struggling with his own thoughts and feelings, possibly feeling overwhelmed and hopeless.
* "that had done worse and was a fool for caring": This indicates a deep sense of cynicism and disillusionment. Jurgis is questioning the value of caring in a world where suffering is so widespread and seemingly inescapable.
The overall effect is one of bleakness and a sense that Jurgis has lost faith in the possibility of positive change or improvement. He's resigned to the harsh realities of his life and the world around him.