Here's a breakdown:
* Socialist novel: It critiques the capitalist system and its exploitation of workers, particularly in the meatpacking industry. It advocates for social change and a more equitable society.
* Muckraking journalism: Sinclair's intention was to expose the horrific working conditions and unsanitary practices in Chicago's meatpacking industry. He aimed to shock readers and bring about reform.
* Realistic fiction: Although fictionalized, the novel draws heavily on Sinclair's firsthand observations and research, portraying a realistic and gritty picture of the industry and its impact on the working class.
While it contains elements of naturalism due to its focus on the harsh realities of poverty and industrialization, "The Jungle" ultimately transcends these categories by advocating for a specific political and social ideology.